Colourants - AffinationBy Bento, Luis San MiguelPosted on 2007-06-28 Last edited on 2012-01-25 In Affination the majority of colourants in raw sugar are separated to the affined syrup. A decolourization of circa 62%, in relation to raw sugar colour, is achieved in this operation (Godshall et al., 1987). High molecular compounds in the raw sugar will be preferentially retained in the affined sugar. This was confirmed by GPC technique with an ELS detector (Bento et al., 1997). The percentage of compounds with molecular weight over 250kD, Group A, increased from the raw sugar (2,8%) to the respective affined sugar (9,2%) (on total high molecular compounds) (Table 1). Included in these compounds are polysaccharides which represent 70% from total very high molecular compounds in raw sugar (Godshall et al., 1987). Table 1 - High molecular weight compounds in refinning
Figure 1 - ELS diagram from Affination, Carbonatation and Fine liquor With ELS technique it is not possible to study low MW compounds as sucrose interfere with the results. However we can compare the chromatograms at 330nm of raw sugar and affined sugar solutions (Bento, 2008). In Table 2 the valuesof colour at 330nm of raw sugar and affined sugar are compared. In this Table it was observed that the colour at 330 nm due to low molecula weight compounds increase from 22% on total colour of raw sugar to 38% on total colour of affined sugar (Bento, 2008). This low MW compounds are mainly phenols and their degradation products, with high IV. This explains increase of IV through Affination, from 3.0 IV to 3.6 IV, as referred by Kennedy and P. Smith, 1976. Table 2 - Distribution of colour at 330nm
Figure 2 - Colour at 330nm of RawSugar, Affined Sugar and Affination syrup Paton, 1992, in experiments using high speed centrifugation, with a separation of syrup in a quantity of 2% on raw sugar, observed that the majority of cinnamic acids, chlorogenic acid and flavonoids, are separated to the syrup. Regardind the neutral phenolics, only 30% are separated to the syrup. This shows that these compounds are preferentially inside of the raw sugar crystals. Bibliography Bento L.S.M., M.E. Pereira, S. Sa, 1997, Gel permeation chromatography of sugar materials E 0023/25
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